November 5 is Election Day. Here are some basic voting guidelines.
As the U.S. presidential election approaches, millions of Americans are gearing up to vote for the country’s next leader. Vice President Kamala Harris and Minnesota Governor Tim Walz are competing against former President Donald Trump and Senator J.D. Vance in a race that most polls show as neck-and-neck. While voting rules and procedures differ across states, there are essential guidelines every voter should know. Below, we cover the key details for Election Day and how to exercise your right to vote.
Where to vote
Polling locations are typically assigned based on each person’s residential address and can be found through state or county election websites, Vote.org, or the U.S. Election Assistance Commission website. In many communities, polling sites are set up in public buildings like schools, community centers, churches, or municipal facilities. It’s essential to confirm your polling location ahead of time, as it may change due to factors like school schedules, building availability, or other adjustments. Additionally, check your voter registration status beforehand, as some states have ID requirements or other guidelines to keep in mind before heading to vote.
What time do polls open and close?
In the U.S., polling hours generally run from early morning to late evening, with most polling places opening between 6:00 a.m. and 8:00 a.m. and closing between 7:00 p.m. and 9:00 p.m. Exact hours vary by state and sometimes even by county. For instance, polling stations in New York typically operate from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m., while in California, they are open from 7 a.m. to 8 p.m. Voters who are in line when the polls close are still allowed to vote as long as they join the line before the official closing time.
What documents do I need?
While most states don’t require identification to vote, some do, so it’s important to check the voter ID laws for the state where you’re voting to see if specific documents are needed. For instance, states like Georgia, Indiana, and Wisconsin require a government-issued photo ID, while others, such as Colorado and Florida, accept utility bills or other forms of identification. Bringing an ID is a smart precaution, even if your state doesn’t require it.
If you’re registered to vote but aren’t listed on the voter roll due to an error, you may be issued a provisional ballot. This allows you to cast your vote, which will be counted once your eligibility is verified. Provisional ballots help ensure that administrative issues don’t prevent anyone from voting.
How to mark your ballot
Ballot formats vary, but here are the most common types and how to fill them out:
Paper Ballots: These are filled out manually, usually by marking an oval or connecting a line next to your chosen candidate’s name. Be sure to carefully read the instructions and double-check each mark before submitting. In states using paper ballots, they’re either scanned electronically or placed directly into a secure box for later counting.
Touchscreen Machines: Many states use electronic touchscreens, which simplify voting, especially for people with disabilities. If using a touchscreen, review your selections on the confirmation screen before completing the process. Some machines print a paper record; if it doesn’t match your choices, ask a poll worker for assistance.
Ballot Marking Devices: In some states, these devices allow you to make selections electronically, after which a printed ballot is generated. Review the printed ballot to ensure it accurately reflects your choices before submitting it.
Most ballots include options for presidential candidates, congressional representatives, and various state and local offices, along with area-specific propositions or measures. Voting on ballot measures usually involves marking “Yes” or “No,” so be sure to review your selection before moving on.
Common mistakes
Mistakes on ballots can happen easily, especially if you’re voting under time pressure. Here are some essential tips to help avoid errors:
Follow Instructions Carefully: Different voting systems have specific rules for marking ballots, so ensure you’re following the guidelines correctly.
Avoid Overvoting: Voting for more candidates than permitted in a category can invalidate your vote for that race.
Double-Check Ballot Measures: Measures can be worded in complex ways, so read them twice to ensure your vote aligns with your intent.
Stay Informed: Avoid bringing campaign materials into the polling station, as this can sometimes be considered electioneering.
Seek Assistance if Needed: Poll workers are available to help with any questions. In most locations, you can request a replacement ballot if you make a mistake on a paper ballot.
After voting
Many states offer real-time tracking for ballots, particularly for absentee or mail-in votes, allowing citizens to confirm that their ballot has been received and counted.
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